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1 judge
[dʒʌdʒ] 1. n ( JUR) 2. vtcompetition, match sędziować; ( estimate) określać (określić perf), oceniać (ocenić perf); ( evaluate) oceniać; ( consider) uznawać (uznać perf) za +acc3. viwydawać (wydać perf) opinięjudging/to judge by his expression — sądząc z jego wyrazu twarzy
* * *1. verb1) (to hear and try (cases) in a court of law: Who will be judging this murder case?) sądzić2) (to decide which is the best in a competition etc: Is she going to judge the singing competition again?; Who will be judging the vegetables at the flower show?; Who is judging at the horse show?) sędziować3) (to consider and form an idea of; to estimate: You can't judge a man by his appearance; Watch how a cat judges the distance before it jumps; She couldn't judge whether he was telling the truth.) oceniać4) (to criticize for doing wrong: We have no right to judge him - we might have done the same thing ourselves.) osądzać2. noun1) (a public officer who hears and decides cases in a law court: The judge asked if the jury had reached a verdict.) sędzia2) (a person who decides which is the best in a competition etc: The judge's decision is final (= you cannot argue with the judge's decision); He was asked to be on the panel of judges at the beauty contest.) sędzia3) (a person who is skilled at deciding how good etc something is: He says she's honest, and he's a good judge of character; He seems a very fine pianist to me, but I'm no judge.) znawca•- judgement- judgment
- judging from / to judge from
- pass judgement on
- pass judgement -
2 rule
[ruːl] 1. n( norm) reguła f; ( regulation) przepis m; ( government) rządy pl, panowanie nt2. vtrządzić +instr3. vito rule (over sb/sth) — rządzić (kimś/czymś)
to rule in favour of/against/on — wydawać (wydać perf) orzeczenie na korzyść +gen /na niekorzyść +gen /w sprawie +gen
to rule that … — orzekać (orzec perf), że …
as a rule of thumb, … — można przyjąć, że …
Phrasal Verbs:- rule out* * *[ru:l] 1. noun1) (government: under foreign rule.) panowanie2) (a regulation or order: school rules.) przepis3) (what usually happens or is done; a general principle: He is an exception to the rule that fat people are usually happy.) reguła4) (a general standard that guides one's actions: I make it a rule never to be late for appointments.) zasada5) (a marked strip of wood, metal etc for measuring: He measured the windows with a rule.) miara, przymiar2. verb1) (to govern: The king ruled (the people) wisely.) rządzić2) (to decide officially: The judge ruled that the witness should be heard.) zawyrokować3) (to draw (a straight line): He ruled a line across the page.) narysować (linię)•- ruled- ruler
- ruling 3. noun(an official decision: The judge gave his ruling.) orzeczenie- rule off
- rule out -
3 case
[keɪs]przypadek m; ( JUR) sprawa f; (for spectacles, nail scissors) etui nt inv; ( for musical instrument) futerał m; ( BRIT) (also: suitcase) walizka f; ( of wine) skrzynka flower/upper case ( TYP) — małe/duże litery
to make (out) a case for/against — przedstawić argumenty za +instr /przeciw(ko) +dat
there's a strong case for/against — wiele przemawia za +instr /przeciw(ko) +dat
in case of — w przypadku +gen
in case he comes — na wypadek, gdyby przyszedł
in any case — ( at any rate) w każdym razie; ( besides) zresztą, poza tym; ( no matter what) tak czy owak
* * *I [keis] noun1) (an instance or example: another case of child-beating; a bad case of measles.) przypadek2) (a particular situation: It's different in my case.) przypadek3) (a legal trial: The judge in this case is very fair.) proces4) (an argument or reason: There's a good case for thinking he's wrong.) podstawa5) ((usually with the) a fact: I don't think that's really the case.) prawda, fakty, rzeczywistość6) (a form of a pronoun (eg he or him), noun or adjective showing its relation to other words in the sentence.) przypadek•- in case- in case of
- in that case II [keis] noun1) (a container or outer covering: a case of medical instruments; a suitcase.) skrzynka, walizka2) (a crate or box: six cases of whisky.) skrzynka, karton3) (a piece of furniture for displaying or containing things: a glass case full of china; a bookcase.) szafka -
4 overrule
-
5 appear
[ə'pɪə(r)]vi( come into view) pojawiać się (pojawić się perf), zjawiać się (zjawić się perf); ( JUR) stawiać się (stawić się perf); ( be published) ukazywać się (ukazać się perf) ( drukiem); ( seem) wydawać się (wydać się perf)to appear on TV/in "Hamlet" — występować (wystąpić perf) w telewizji/w "Hamlecie"
it would appear that … — wydawałoby się, że …
* * *[ə'piə]1) (to come into view: A man suddenly appeared round the corner.) pojawiać się2) (to arrive (at a place etc): He appeared in time for dinner.) stawiać się, przybywać3) (to come before or present oneself/itself before the public or a judge etc: He is appearing on television today; He appeared before Judge Scott.) pojawiać/stawiać się4) (to look or seem as if (something is the case): It appears that he is wrong; He appears to be wrong.) wydawać się• -
6 standard
['stændəd] 1. n 2. adjsize etc typowy; textbook klasyczny; practice znormalizowany, standardowy; model, feature standardowy, podstawowyto be/to come up to standard — być na odpowiednim poziomie
to apply a double standard — stosować (zastosować perf) podwójną miarę
* * *['stændəd] 1. noun1) (something used as a basis of measurement: The kilogram is the international standard of weight.) wzorzec, standard2) (a basis for judging quality, or a level of excellence aimed at, required or achieved: You can't judge an amateur artist's work by the same standards as you would judge that of a trained artist; high standards of behaviour; His performance did not reach the required standard.) kryterium3) (a flag or carved figure etc fixed to a pole and carried eg at the front of an army going into battle.) sztandar, znak bojowy2. adjective((accepted as) normal or usual; The Post Office likes the public to use a standard size of envelope.) znormalizowany- standardise
- standardization
- standardisation
- standard-bearer
- be up to / below standard
- standard of living -
7 taste
[teɪst] 1. n ( lit, fig) 2. vt( get flavour of) czuć (poczuć perf) smak +gen; ( test) próbować (spróbować perf) or kosztować (skosztować perf) +gen3. vito taste of/like sth — smakować jak coś
to have a taste of sth — próbować (spróbować perf) czegoś ( fig) zakosztować ( perf) czegoś
to acquire a taste for sth — zasmakować ( perf) w czymś
to be in good/bad taste — być w dobrym/złym guście
* * *[teist] 1. verb1) (to be aware of, or recognize, the flavour of something: I can taste ginger in this cake.) czuć (smak)2) (to test or find out the flavour or quality of (food etc) by eating or drinking a little of it: Please taste this and tell me if it is too sweet.) próbować, kosztować3) (to have a particular flavour or other quality that is noticed through the act of tasting: This milk tastes sour; The sauce tastes of garlic.) smakować, mieć smak4) (to eat (food) especially with enjoyment: I haven't tasted such a beautiful curry for ages.) jeść5) (to experience: He tasted the delights of country life.) zaznać, zakosztować2. noun1) (one of the five senses, the sense by which we are aware of flavour: one's sense of taste; bitter to the taste.) smak2) (the quality or flavour of anything that is known through this sense: This wine has an unusual taste.) smak3) (an act of tasting or a small quantity of food etc for tasting: Do have a taste of this cake!) próbowanie, skosztowanie4) (a liking or preference: a taste for music; a queer taste in books; expensive tastes.) smak, gust, upodobanie5) (the ability to judge what is suitable in behaviour, dress etc or what is fine and beautiful: She shows good taste in clothes; a man of taste; That joke was in good/bad taste.) smak, gust•- tasteful- tastefully
- tastefulness
- tasteless
- tastelessly
- tastelessness
- - tasting
- tasty
- tastiness -
8 estimate
1. ['ɛstɪmət] n( calculation) szacunkowe or przybliżone obliczenie nt, szacunek m; ( assessment) ocena f; ( of builder etc) kosztorys m2. ['ɛstɪmeɪt] vtto give sb an estimate of — przedstawiać (przedstawić perf) komuś kosztorys +gen
I estimate that … — według moich szacunków, …
* * *1. ['estimeit] verb1) (to judge size, amount, value etc, especially roughly or without measuring: He estimated that the journey would take two hours.) oszacować2) (to form an idea or judgement of how good etc something is: I estimated my chances of escape as very good.) oceniać2. [-mət] noun(a calculation (eg of the probable cost etc of something): He gave us an estimate of the cost of repairing the stonework; a rough estimate.) szacunkowe wyliczenie -
9 hear
[hɪə(r)]pt, pp heard, vtsound, information słyszeć (usłyszeć perf); lecture, concert słuchać (wysłuchać perf) +gen; orchestra, player słuchać (posłuchać perf) +gen; ( JUR) case rozpoznawać (rozpoznać perf)have you heard about …? — (czy) słyszałeś o +loc ?
Phrasal Verbs:- hear out* * *[hiə]past tense, past participle - heard; verb1) (to (be able to) receive (sounds) by ear: I don't hear very well; Speak louder - I can't hear you; I didn't hear you come in.) słyszeć2) (to listen to for some purpose: A judge hears court cases; Part of a manager's job is to hear workers' complaints.) słuchać3) (to receive information, news etc, not only by ear: I've heard that story before; I hear that you're leaving; `Have you heard from your sister?' `Yes, I got a letter from her today'; I've never heard of him - who is he? This is the first I've heard of the plan.) dowiadywać się, mieć wiadomości•- hearing- hearing-aid
- hearsay
- hear! hear!
- I
- he will
- would not hear of -
10 lord
[lɔːd]n ( BRIT)lord m* * *[lo:d]1) (a master; a man or animal that has power over others or over an area: The lion is lord of the jungle.) pan2) ((with capital when used in titles) in the United Kingdom etc a nobleman or man of rank.) lord3) ((with capital) in the United Kingdom, used as part of several official titles: the Lord Mayor.) lord•- lordly- lordliness
- Lordship
- the Lord
- lord it over -
11 try
[traɪ] 1. n 2. vt(attempt, experience) próbować (spróbować perf) +gen; ( JUR) sądzić; patience wystawiać (wystawić perf) na próbę3. vito try to do sth — próbować (spróbować perf) coś zrobić
to try one's (very) best/one's (very) hardest — starać się ze wszystkich sił
Phrasal Verbs:- try on- try out* * *1. verb1) (to attempt or make an effort (to do, get etc): He tried to answer the questions; Let's try and climb that tree!) (s)próbować2) (to test; to make an experiment (with) in order to find out whether something will be successful, satisfactory etc: She tried washing her hair with a new shampoo; Try one of these sweets.) spróbować3) (to judge (someone or their case) in a court of law: The prisoners were tried for murder.) sądzić4) (to test the limits of; to strain: You are trying my patience.) poddawać próbie2. noun1) (an attempt or effort: Have a try (at the exam). I'm sure you will pass.) podejście2) (in rugby football, an act of putting the ball on the ground behind the opponents' goal-line: Our team scored three tries.) bramka•- trier- trying
- try on
- try out -
12 consider
[kən'sɪdə(r)]vt( believe)to consider sb/sth as — uważać kogoś/coś za +acc; (study, take into account) rozważać (rozważyć perf); (regard, judge) rozpatrywać (rozpatrzyć perf)
to consider doing sth — rozważać (rozważyć perf) zrobienie czegoś
he is generally considered to have invented the first computer — powszechnie uważa się go za wynalazcę pierwszego komputera
* * *[kən'sidə]1) (to think about (carefully): He considered their comments.) rozważać2) (to feel inclined towards: I'm considering leaving this job.) rozważać3) (to take into account: You must consider other people's feelings.) brać pod uwagę4) (to regard as being: They consider him unfit for that job.) uważać•- considerably
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